REG-531 STRUCTURES

REG 531 – STRUCTURES
Dr Norizal Md Noordin
Dr ZaidSYALLABUS
z CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
z STRUCTURAL FORMS, LOADS & FORCES
z SOME BUILDING COMPONENTS
z BEAMS AND COLUMNS & RIGID FRAMES
z WALL SYSTEMS
z FLOOR SYSTEMS
z TRUSS SYSTEMS
z HIGH RISE BUILDINGS,load bearing shear walls
z PRE CAST
z OTHER BUILDING SYSTEMSClassification
z Solid ( mass, walls, columns )
z Frames ( post & beam,rigid frames , trusses )
z Surface ( vertical plates, horizontal, domes,  )SOLID STRUCTURESFRAMESSURFACESTRUCTURAL FORM
z Loads
z Forces
z Distribution
z EfficiencyStructural Form - Review
z Define – Part Of The Structure That Sustain
Loads And Is Part Of The Structural System
z The Efficiency – Best Way Load Is
Distributed From Point Of Application To Its
Foundations
z Distribution  Of Forces – Geometry and
Materials PropertiesFORM CLASSIFICATION
z TENSILE  FORM
9 SHAPE CHANGE
9 MATERIALS IN TENSION
9 UNIFORM LOAD – PARABOLIC SHAPE
9 FUNICULAR CURVE
9 Example – cables z COMPRESSIVE STRESS IN COLUMNS
z MANY MATERIALS CAN TAKE
z PROBLEM INSTABILITY – BUCKLING
z Example of compressive form - Columns ,
arches etc.
z Arches are opposite to
cables ( tension form )
COMPRESSIVE FORMTRUSS FORM
z Only axial forces in members
z Linear members
z Joints are normally assumed pin jointed
z Cannot change form like cable
z No bending in members
z Design flexibilityBENDING ACTION
z Sometimes vertical size of  structure ( eg. Truss)
need to be limited
z So load is taken by direct bending of beams
z Top in compression & bottom in tension stress
z Resulting in bending and shear stresses
z Even columns can be in bending
z High stresses near the extreme fibers of beams
sectionFRAME ACTION
z If connect beams & columns  together to get
frame action
z Moments and shears transmitted to and from
beams to columns
z Load distribution depends on stiffness of
membersFrames
z Joints are normally fixed or pinned
z very useful since there is definite space
between columns.
z Frames can sway
z Frames can redistribute  loads
to other sections of structureSurface form
z Normally forces are in plane and transverse
z Transverse bending results in compressive &
tensile stresses
z In plane shear stresses and tensile stresses
possible
z Loads can change direction due to form
z Examples are domes, folded plates,
membranes etcSurfacesTo revise
z Type of loads on structures ( eg. Live loads )
; low rise buildings ; high rise buildings .
Please get some typical values in kN/m2;
how they act on various forms ( cables,
arches etc )
z Determinancy and equation of statics
z Support conditions & reactions on 2-D
structuresTo revise
z Youngs modulus and structural theory
z Bulk Modulus
z Bending moments
z Shear forces
z Axial forces
z Tensile forces
z Bending stress formula MY/I
z Shear stress formula
z Deflection / expansion / shrinkage of structures (beams )
z Moment of Inertia of sections ; modulus of section; radius of gyration
z Euler critical load